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    • buy 1-Deoxynojirimycin Finally the relationship between age

    2018-10-26

    Finally, the relationship between age and average sleep time was U-shaped, with a minimum of 7.6h in subjects between 45 and 54 years of age and a maximum of 10h in those over 75 (Fig. 3).
    Discussion The overall prevalence of sleep complaints in Colombia (59%) is similar to that reported in the US (56%) [2] and higher than that reported in Western Europe (31%), Japan (23%), [2] Chile (25%) [13], and Brazil (35%). However, this \"omnibus\" survey excluded patients with restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea, thus possibly underestimating sleep-disorder prevalence. Hirotsu et al in a Brazilian buy 1-Deoxynojirimycin have found that sleep complaints increase with age, and there were more frequent in women findings similar to our results [14]. The weighted overall prevalence of high risk for sleep apnea, according to the Berlin questionnaire, was 19.0% (95% CI 17.3–20.8%). The prevalence of OSA was lower than in other studies; however, its frequency remained higher in men (STOP-Bang). In primary care patients in the US and Europe, there was a 32.3% prevalence of high risk for OSA using the Berlin questionnaire [15]. This figure was higher in men (37.8%) than in women (27.8%), consistent with the findings of this study. However, with the STOP-Bang questionnaire, the overall weighted prevalence of high risk for OSA (26.9%; 95% CI, 24.9–29.0%) was higher than that reported by this questionnaire. In Latino population, specifically in Sao Paulo, Tufik S et al in a multivariate logistic regression model identified several independent and strong associations for the presence of OSAS: men had greater association than women (OR=4.1; 95% CI, 2.9–5.8; P<0.001 similar to the findings of this study [16]. In the Hispanic/Latino population, there are also smaller numbers of sleep complaints compared to those in this study. The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing was 25.8% in the Latino population of four US cities (n=16,415) [17], the prevalence of overall snoring was 45.7%, lower than the value found in Platino and the snoring rate was 58.7% in those older than 40 [18]. In the Platino study, the prevalence of OSA was estimated based on the combined presence of usual snoring, witnessed apneas, and EDS. The reported prevalence for women and men, respectively, was 2.4% and 1.5% in Caracas, 0.5% and 3.7% in Montevideo, 2.4% and 4.4% in Mexico, and 5.0% and 8.8% in Santiago. In São Paulo, Brazil, the overall prevalence was 16.9% with full polysomnography [19]. Bogota has the highest number of people who stop breathing during sleep (8.60%), which could be explained by the higher altitude and correspondingly lower oxygen partial pressure. This finding is important because OSA is considered a disease that has a strong impact on public health. It is the most common organic sleep disorder that causes EDS [1]. It was identified that 13.7% (95% CI: 12.3; 15.3%) of the population has EDS, less than that reported in Caracas (14.7%), Mexico (17.7%), and Santiago(22.7%), and higher than in Montevideo (9.5%) and São Paulo (8.5%) [19]. It is also important to mention the prevalence found by Bittencourt in Brazil : 61% for snoring, 35% for insomnia, 53% for leg kicking, and 37% for breathing pauses higher than our findings of 45% for snoring, 37% for leg kicking and 8.6% for breathing pauses and lesser than our finding 41% for insomnia [20]. The prevalence of insomnia was 45%, in line with what has been reported in the scientific literature as the most common sleep disorder. The insomnia rate found is higher than that described in the Platino study in LatinAmerica of 31% in Caracas and Montevideo, 36% in Mexico City, and 42% in Santiago de Chile, [18] it is lower than in 11 countries in Latin America using the Pittsburgh questionnaire, reporting 46.2% with insomnia and poor sleep quality [21]. In Colombia, the frequency of sleep disorders has been investigated in the Province of Caldas (SUECA study) [22,23]. The most common disorder was insomnia (47.2%), followed by snoring (33.0%). The percentage of the insomniac population that took some sleeping medication was 15% [22] a figure similar to that found in this study. It has also been addressed by Monterrosa et al in a study in female population where they found an insomnia prevalence of 27.5% [24]. Rueda et al. have conducted a population survey in Bucaramanga investigating only for insomnia, finding a prevalence of 26.2% [25]. For those older than 65 years of age, 58.8% slept more than eight hours. However, this group also reported an increased use of sleep medication. In the US, 57% of people over 65 complain of at least one chronic sleep problem, 43% complain of difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, and 19% complain that they wake up too early in the morning [1].