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In the isolated right atrium activation of
2023-07-14
In the isolated right atrium, activation of muscarinic receptors and adenosine receptors may block the generation of action potentials in the sinoatrial node, inducing cardiac arrest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) (Camara et al., 2015, Campbell et al., 1989). Physiologically, this conditio
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br AMPK structure and mechanism of action AMPK
2023-07-14
AMPK: structure and mechanism of action AMPK is a metabolic master switch that regulates downstream signals based on shifts in the surrounding energy reservoir [6]. It is expressed in a number of tissues, including the kidney, the liver, the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, and the hypothalam
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Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously However this
2023-07-14
Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously. However, this process is relatively slow and kinetically unfavorable in cells. Formation of CM-272 dimers and trimers, which can easily disassemble due to their instability, is a rate-determining step in actin polymerization [5], [6]. The shape and the
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br Discussion Myopathic EMG changes are
2023-07-14
Discussion Myopathic EMG changes are frequently detected in patients with MuSK MG, unlike in AChR MG patients [10]. However, these EMG changes are not always accompanied by myopathic histopathological findings. It has been shown that mitochondrial abnormalities seem to be more prominent in MuSK M
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Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune disorder
2023-07-14
Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic Gefitinib receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG. Exp
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The use of one or more of psychotropic medications and
2023-07-14
The use of one or more of psychotropic medications and hypnotics was associated with a higher risk of falls in the current study. Previous studies have also shown that these medications increase the risk of falls in the geriatric population.25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 Clinicians should weigh the risk
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br Disclaimer br Conflicts of
2023-07-14
Disclaimer Conflicts of interest Role of the Sponsor Acknowledgements Funding/support: This project was supported by a grant from the Department of Surgery (R5129), Western University and by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Western site. ICES is funded by an annual g
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HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within the
2023-07-13
5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and 2hcl (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989, Bufton et al., 199
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br ARIs in the prevention of
2023-07-13
5ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer Prostate cancer continues to be a leading cause of male deaths worldwide. In 2009, it was estimated there would be 192,280 new cases of prostate cancer with a predicted 27,360 deaths [25]. Because androgens, and specifically DHT, play a large role in bot
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The reductase family is composed of three known isozymes
2023-07-13
The 5α-reductase family is composed of three known isozymes, with the types I and II being the most known. Type I isozyme, which is the dominant form, can be found in the skin, liver, kidney, brain and lung. Furthermore, it has been evidenced that type I activity is several times higher in PC than i
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Physiology genetics and biochemistry of CYP A br Clinical
2023-07-13
Physiology, genetics, and Azithromycin of CYP17A1 Clinical presentation and diagnosis Treatment Acknowledgements I thank Dr. Hwei-Ming Peng for assistance with preparing Fig. 3. This work was supported by grant R01GM086596 from the National Institutes of Health. Introduction Prostate
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Recent studies have demonstrated that
2023-07-13
Recent studies have demonstrated that in response to IR, hundreds of substrates are phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner, clearly demonstrating the complexity of the ATM-mediated DDR pathways (Matsuoka et al., 2007, Bennetzen et al., 2010, Bensimon et al., 2010). However, evidence suggesting th
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mm hcl Another heroic set of studies
2023-07-13
Another heroic set of studies combining retrodialysis with electrophysiological recording at two distinct brain sites further indicated that the estradiol-induced increase in auditory-evoked firing in NCM also enhanced the selectivity of auditory-evoked responses in the downstream sensorimotor nucle
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br Introduction Increasing number of mycosis infections
2023-07-13
Introduction Increasing number of mycosis infections has been reported during the past several years because of the rise in the number of immuno-compromised individuals in subtropical and tropical countries with high mortality and morbidity [1], [2]. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubr
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A central question that arises in
2023-07-13
A central question that arises in this discussion is whether enhanced neurobehavioral responses to food cues emerge as a consequence of weight gain, or whether there are intrinsic differences in the motivational responses to food cues that precede weight gain. In support of pre-existing differences,
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